An Energy Efficient Congestion Control Mechanism of WSN using Intelligent Agents

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of one or more sinks and large number of sensor nodes scattered in an area. It is a collection of sensor nodes are interconnected by wireless communication channels. Wireless sensor networks will be used for such tasks as surveillance, widespread environmental sampling, security and health monitoring. With this data simple computations are carried out and communicate with other sensor nodes or controlling authorities in the network. Most of the time the sensor nodes are designed with limited energy, as a result the sensor nodes lacks recharging issues. But still wireless nodes packet-based computation is preferred since it is generally known that the computation utilizes reduced energy than the communication. In this study focus about to control the congestion and each node can achieve fair throughput whenever the congestion occurs in WSN environment. The congestion traffic is found in two streams, named downstream traffic and upstream traffic. The downstream traffic from the sink to the wireless sensor nodes is a one-to-many communication model. We present two general approaches to control congestion, network resource management and traffic control. The first approach tries to increase network resource to mitigate congestion when it occurs. The second approach tries for power control and multiple radio interfaces. It can be used to increase bandwidth and weaken congestion. When congestion occurs, the long-rage radio is used as a more direct route or “siphon” to mitigate congestion.